https://doi.org/10.59132/geo/2019/1/10-23
Povzetek
V članku obravnavamo gmajne v Spodnji Savinjski dolini med Letušem in Levcem. Termin gmajna smo uporabili kot starejše, a še vedno ustrezno poimenovanje za skupno vaško zemljišče, zemljišče, ki so ga kmetje izkoriščali skupno. Pri tem poimenovanju vztrajamo tudi zaradi tega, ker je v zavesti ljudi pojem gmajne vezan na slabša, manj rodovitna, odročna zemljišča. V prispevku smo se omejili na območje, ki je bilo v tem smislu deloma že preučeno, a novejša objava arhivskega gradiva na spletu omogoča nekaj dodatnih analiz in zlasti enostavnejši kartografski prikaz obsega nekdanjih gmajn. Osredotočili smo se zlasti na gmajne na nekdaj poplavnem območju Savinje, ki so bile kmetom razdeljene v največji meri po regulaciji Savinje (1876–1893). Z geografskega vidika presenečata njihov obseg in sklenjenost, saj so se več ali manj stikale in segale ob vsem desnem oziroma levem bregu Savinje od Letuša do Levca. Po regulaciji Savinje so bile dokončno razdeljene, prav tako pa je bilo možno med kmete razdeliti tudi nova zemljišča, ki so jih pridobili z regulacijo in so prej bila preveč močvirnata, prodnata ali zarasla, da bi jih sploh bilo možno izkoriščati v kmetijske namene. Navajamo tudi nekaj konkretnih posledic regulacije Savinje. Danes so vidni le še skromni ostanki nekdanjih gmajn z močvirnim rastlinstvom in ribniki, ki so skupaj s Savinjo zaščiteni kot Natura 2000, vse preostale površine so intenzivno kmetijsko obdelane ali celo pozidane, izjema je le Krajinski park Vrbje na območju nekdanje gramoznice.
Abstract
Commons in the Lower Savinja Valley and the Regulation of the Savinja River
The article addresses the commons in the Lower Savinja Valley between towns Letuš and Levec. The old term »commons« was used to describe a tract of common village land that used to be exploited in the past a community of farmers as a whole. This term is also used because people associate it with a lower quality, less fertile and remote agricultural land. For the purpose of this article only the area that had already been partially researched was included, however, a more recent publishing of the archival material online provides a few additional analyses and, primarily, a simpler cartographic representation of the scope of the former commons. The focus is mainly on the commons in the former flood region of the Savinja river, which were for the most part allocated to farmers after the regulation of Savinja (1876–1893). From the geographic point of view, their scope and their connection is quite surprising – they were mostly connected, reaching from Letuš to Levec all along the right and left Savinja riverbank. After the regulation of Savinja, they were finally distributed, while the farmers were also able, through the regulation, to acquire a new land that had previously been too marshy, gravelly or overgrown to be exploited for agriculture purposes. Some of the consequences of the Savinja regulation are also stated. Today, only a few humble remains of the former commons are visible, including marsh vegetation and ponds, which are protected as Natura 2000 together with the Savinja river. All other areas are highly agriculturally exploited or even built-up, with the exception of the regional park Vrbje in the area of a former gravel pit.