https://doi.org/10.59132/zvs/2020/2/78-91
Izvleček
Najpomembnejši slovenski romantični pesnik France Prešeren je bil v desetletjih po smrti kanoniziran v nespornega nacionalnega pesnika in kulturnega svetnika. Njegov kult, ki je vrhunec doživel v začetku 20. stoletja, je bil podoben kot drugi evropski kulti nacionalnih pesnikov: v tem Prešernov primer še zdaleč ni izjemen. Toda njegovo ustoličenje v slovenskem kulturnem prostoru je bilo vendarle bolj temeljito in daljnosežno, saj je z njim visoka ljubezenska poezija postala ključna, celo odločilna sestavina pripovedi o nastanku slovenskega naroda. V tej razpravi skušam pokazati, zakaj je bilo to mogoče in kakšne so bile stranske posledice t. i. slovenskega kulturnega sindroma – zlasti za tiste, ki so ostali v senci mogočnega kulta nacionalnega pesnika. Med njimi niso bili le potencialni Prešernovi pesniški tekmeci (Vodnik, Koseski, Vraz), temveč tudi jezikoslovci (Kopitar, Miklošič) ter politiki in voditelji narodnega gibanja – posebej očitno Janez Bleiweis, nekdanji »oče slovenskega naroda« in prvi slovenski politik z nastavki kulta osebnosti, ki je bil postopoma »dekanoniziran« v obrobnega konservativnega veterinarja brez občutka za poezijo.
Abstract
The Shadows of the Prešeren Cult: the Canonization of a National Poet and “Slovenian Cultural Syndrome”
The most important Slovenian poet of the Romantic movement, France Prešeren was canonized, in the decades following his death, as a national poet and cultural saint. His cult, which reached its peak at the beginning of the 20th century, was similar to other cults of European national poets – in this aspect, Prešeren is not at all exceptional. However, his inauguration in the Slovenian cultural space was greater and more far-reaching as his high love poetry became the key, even crucial, component of the story of the Slovenian independence. The article tries to demonstrate why this was possible and what the by-product of the so-called Slovenian cultural syndrome was – especially for those remaining in the shadow of Prešeren’s mighty national poet cult. These included not only his potential poetic rivals (Vodnik, Koseski, Vraz), but also linguists (Kopitar, Miklošič), politicians and national movement leaders, particularly Janez Bleiweis, former father of the Slovenian nation and the first Slovenian politician with a cult personality, who was gradually decanonized to a conservative veterinarian with no talent for poetry.