Izvleček
Prekmurski Slovenci ob koncu prve svetovne vojne, novembra 1918, nikakor niso bili pripravljeni na priključitev k matičnemu narodu. Pokrajino je od leta 1917 naprej zajelo deklaracijsko gibanje za avtonomijo znotraj Avstro-Ogrske, gibanje za ohranjanje slovenstva pa je bilo prisotno vse od protireformacije naprej, ko so temelje prekmurskemu jeziku postavili prekmurski protestantski pisci: Ferenc Temlin, Mihail Sever ter Števan Küzmič. Za uporabo prekmurščine so si prizadevali tudi katoliški duhovniki, med njimi predvsem Mikloš Küzmič, Franc Ivanocy in Jožef Klekl, ki si je z uredništvom Novin prislužil naziv narodni buditelj prekmurskih Slovencev. Prizadevanja za združitev prekmurskih Slovencev so bila prisotna že ob revoluciji 1848, ko sta tako avtor programa Zedinjene Slovenije Matija Majar Ziljski kot tudi štajerski Slovenec Oroslav Caf zahtevala vključitev prekmurskih Slovencev v skupno državo. Prekmurski Slovenci so bili tudi med udeleženci prvega slovenskega tabora avgusta 1868 v Ljutomeru. Od oktobra do decembra 1918 so v pokrajini potekali trije shodi v podporo priključitvi k matičnemu narodu, vojaško zasedbo pokrajine pa so Maistrovim borcem preprečile slovenska narodna vlada v Ljubljani ter srbska vrhovna komanda in francoska vojaška misija, ki sta bili vezani na beograjsko premirje z dne 13. novembra 1918. Prekmurje je dobilo meje leta 1919 in 1920. Saint-germainska mirovna pogodba je 10. septembra 1919 določila mejo z Republiko Avstrijo po reki Kučnici, meja z Republiko Madžarsko pa je bila zaradi socialistične revolucije v tej državi podpisana šele 4. junija 1920. Zasluge za priključitev Prekmurja k matici ima najprej ameriški izvedenec major Douglas W. Johnson, ki je maja 1919 v Parizu dal predlog, da naj meja poteka severno od Mure. Predlog je bil dan na dnevni red Vrhovnega sveta dne 9. julija 1919 in pariška mirovna konferenca je odločila, da meja poteka po razvodnici med Rabo in Muro. S tem je devet pretežno slovenskih vasi skupaj z Monoštrom (Szengotthárd) pripadlo Madžarski, Prekmurje pa Kraljevini Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev. Vest o razmejitvi na razvodnici med Muro in Rabo je med člane jugoslovanske delegacije prispela 4. avgusta, v Beograd pa 6. avgusta, že 12. avgusta 1919 pa je redna vojska Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev pod poveljstvom generala Krste Smiljanića vkorakala v Prekmurje. Dne 17. avgusta 1919 je bila oblast predana civilnemu komisarju, kar Prekmurci danes praznujejo kot praznik priključitve k matici. Razmejevanje med Madžarsko in Kraljevino Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev je trajalo od leta 1921 do leta 1924, ko so na območju k. o. Trdkova postavili tromejni kamen. Grb Republike Slovenije je bil nameščen leta 1993.
Abstract
A Hundred Years since Prekmurje Annexation to Motherland
At the end of WWI in November 1918, the Slovenes in the Prekmurje region were opposed joining their motherland. Since 1917, the region was overflown with declaration movement for autonomy within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, while movement for the preservation of Slovenian nation had been present ever since Counter-Reformation, when the foundation of Prekmurje language was set by Prekmurje protestant writers: Ferenc Temlin, Mihail Sever and Števan Küzmič. Catholic priests, especially Mikloš Küzmič, Franc Ivanocy and Jožef Klekl, who as the editor of Novine newspaper gained the title of the person who raised national identity awareness in Prekmurje Slovenes, strived to establish the use of the Prekmurje language. The strivings for the annexation of Prekmurje Slovenes were present as early as in the 1848 revolution, when the author of the United Slovenia program, Matija Majar Ziljski, and the Styrian Slovene Oroslav Caf demanded the annexation of the Prekmurje region to the Slovene territory. The Prekmurje Slovenes were among the participants of the first Slovene rally in August 1868 in Ljutomer. From October to December 1918, three rallies in the support of annexation to motherland held place, and while Maister wanted to occupy the region with his military, he was not allowed to proceed with his plans by Slovene national government in Ljubljana, Serbian supreme command and French military mission which had to obey the Beograd ceasefire treaty of 13 November 1918. Prekmurje gained its borders in 1919 and 1920. On 10 September the peace treaty of St. Germain determined the border with Austria on the Kučnica river, while the border with Hungary was not signed until 4 July 1920 due to socialist revolution in the country. American expert, Major Douglas W. Johnson, is foremost credited for the annexation of Prekmurje to its motherland. In May 1919 he suggested in Paris that the border be northern from the river Mur. The suggestion was included in the agenda of the Supreme Council on 9 July 1919 and the Paris Peace Treaty determined that the border is to be set between the rivers Mur and Raba. With that, nine predominantly Slovene villages including Monošter (Szengotthárd) fell under Hungary, while Prekmurje was now a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. The news about the border between Mur and Raba reached the Yugoslav delegation on 4 August, and the city of Beograd on 6 August, and so on 12 August the regular army of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes under the command of General Krsta Smiljanić marched into Prekmurje. The authority was handed over to the civil commissioner on 17 August, which is the day on which the people of Prekmurje nowadays celebrate their holiday of annexation to motherland. The setting of the border between Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes lasted from 1921 to 1924, when a tripoint border stone was erected in the village of Trdkova. The coat-of-arms of the Republic of Slovenia was imbedded in 1993.